Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems help maintain comfortable and healthy environments within building spaces by actively controlling ambient air temperature, humidity, particulate matter, and air quality. HVAC is a broad field which requires expansive knowledge of physical engineering principles regarding air movement, heat transfer, thermodynamics, refrigeration cycles, vibration and noise, etc., and demands a high level of understanding of these and other concepts in order to effectively design functional and efficient systems.